Current Trends and Technological Progress of Battery Management Systems for New Energy Vehicles

Driven by low-carbon development and carbon neutrality goals, new energy vehicles represent the main path for automotive industry change and strategic progress. Since battery problems like overcharging and overdischarging hurt safety and service life, the Battery Management System (BMS) has become a key research and development focus. Acting as the brain of the energy storage unit, the BMS monitors important parameters, manages temperature, and improves economic operation. Currently, global research combines advanced sensors and smart algorithms to make systems more reliable. While some international developments lead in real-time monitoring, significant progress has been made in distributed architecture and balance control through cooperation between universities and companies. Analysis shows that these management modules are moving toward a future with high precision, better intelligence, and smooth coordination in different environments. Finally, the improvement of these systems remains necessary for the sustainable use of electric power and the prevention of heat risks in modern transportation.