Experimental Measurement on the AE Signals Propagation Law in Concrete Pieces and the Feasibility of Measuring Crack Positions Using Vibration Attenuation Characteristics

Cracks in concrete structures significantly affect structural safety, durability, and serviceability. To address key limitations of conventional concrete defect detection techniques, this study proposes a new crack localization method based on the AE signal attenuation characteristics. In a laboratory environment, multiple sets of concrete columns are prepared, and a controlled excitation method is used to generate vibration sources. A series of AE sensors are arranged to monitor and analyze the propagation and attenuation characteristics of vibration signals in the concrete medium in real time. The research results indicate that by analyzing the maximum amplitude attenuation characteristics of signals collected by four sensors, this method can effectively determine the approximate location of cracks on the concrete surface, providing a reliable basis for the preliminary identification of cracks. This method differs from the conventional detection concept centered on “wave velocity changes” and does not require large detection equipment. It is suitable for rapid non-destructive testing of concrete beams and columns on site. This technical approach has not yet been widely reported in existing research. This provides a new technical reference for the detection of cracks in concrete structures and adds promising solutions to the field of non-destructive test.