Preparation and characterization of Ag-ions substituted Ni-Co ferrite calcined at 1000°C.

Analysis of the structural and dielectric properties of Ag-substituted Ni-Co spinel ferrite, represented by the formula Ni0.4Co(0.6-x)Ag2xFe2O4, were examined for values of (0.00 ≥ X ≤ 0.45). An auto-combustion sol-gel process was used to synthesis this ferrite, which was then calcined at temperatures up to (1000°C). The ferrite samples underwent X-ray diffraction (XRD) research to determine their particle size, lattice characteristics, bulk density, and hopping length. The size of the crystallites varied between (32.952 nm and 43.926 nm), while the lattice parameter rose between 8.291 and 8.326 Å as the amount of silver ions increased. The X-ray density increased from 5.466 to 5.904 g/cm³, which was attributed to the larger molecular mass of silver (Ag) at 107.87 g/mol compared to cobalt (Co) at 58.93 g/mol.Dielectric properties were also studied, including both the real ( ) and imaginary ( ) components of the dielectric constant, the dielectric loss represented by the loss tangent (tan δ), and electrical resistivity (. The results showed a decrease in both the real and imaginary dielectric constants, as well as a reduction in dielectric loss with increasing applied frequency. Additionally, a decrease in electrical resistivity was observed with increasing frequency.