Unilateral Panuveitis Secondary to Toxoplasmosis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report

Panuveitis is a severe form of intraocular inflammation involving the anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, or choroid, with potential for significant visual morbidity. Differentiating between infectious and non-infectious aetiologies is particularly challenging in immunosuppressed patients, where clinical features may overlap. We report the case of a 54-year-old male patient with rheumatoid arthritis on systemic immunosuppression who presented with unilateral right eye panuveitis. Multimodal imaging was essential in characterising disease activity and monitoring response to treatment. Although initial investigations raised the possibility of ocular sarcoidosis, the overall clinical and imaging findings were more consistent with a presumptive diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. This highlights the limitations of serological testing in immunocompromised individuals. The patient achieved clinical quiescence with residual vitreous changes and stable retinal findings. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation and multimodal imaging in distinguishing between infectious and inflammatory causes of panuveitis and guiding appropriate management.