Study of the Synthesis of Materials with Specific Properties Water and Water Systems

The features of water and aqueous systems used in the directed synthesis of materials with specified properties are shown. Water simultaneously plays the role of the initial medium, "building material" and "tool" in this synthesis. The conditions of directed crystallization and melting of ice are discussed as the basis for controlling the physicochemical transformations of components in aqueous systems. New methods of studying and using aqueous systems are considered - the "floating reactor" method and the method based on the use of the Pettier and Seebeck effects