Integrated Bulk and Single‐Cell <scp>RNA</scp> ‐Seq Analysis Reveals Transcriptional Activation of <scp>PTGS2</scp> by <scp>FOS</scp> in Progression From <scp>T2DM</scp> to <scp>T2DM</scp> ‐Associated <scp>NAFLD</scp>

T cells and Kupffer cells. Transcription factor prediction and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that FOS directly binds the PTGS2 promoter and drives its transcription. In vitro, FOS silencing decreased PTGS2 expression, cytokine secretion and apoptosis under high-glucose and free fatty acid conditions, whereas PTGS2 overexpression exacerbated inflammation and apoptosis independently of FOS expression. These findings demonstrate that FOS transcriptionally activates PTGS2, contributing to hepatic inflammation and apoptosis during the progression from T2DM to NAFLD. PTGS2 may serve as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for T2DM-associated NAFLD.