GLOBAL FEATURES AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OF HERBAL-BASED OINTMENTS AND CREAMS

Herbal-based ointments and creams have gained significant attention in the global pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their natural origin, therapeutic potential, and favorable safety profile. The increasing demand for phytopharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products has stimulated the development of advanced manufacturing technologies and quality control systems. This paper discusses the major global features of herbal ointment and cream production, including the use of standardized plant raw materials, implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) standards, and the application of environmentally sustainable “green” technologies. Special attention is given to modern biotechnological approaches, including plant cell culture technologies, nanoemulsions, liposomes, phytosomes, and controlled-release delivery systems, which improve the stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of herbal formulations. The study also highlights the importance of microbiological safety, analytical standardization, and innovative packaging technologies in ensuring product quality and stability. Furthermore, the rapid development of the cosmeceutical sector and the integration of pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences are discussed as important trends in the global market. Overall, herbal ointment and cream production continues to evolve toward safer, more effective, and environmentally sustainable formulations with broad applications in dermatology, cosmetology, and regenerative medicine.