Steiner's trinitarian view and the philosophy of mind: A critique of Kuhn's landscape of consciousness taxonomy

In a recent taxonomy of different philosophies of mind, Robert Lawrence Kuhn classified Rudolf Steiner's view as a mind-body dualism. We argue that this classification is incorrect. Rather, Steiner's view is trinitarian and represents a unification of monism and dualism. Hence, the trinitarian conception of the human being in Steiner not only challenges Kuhn's taxonomic placement of Steiner's view but also, by showing that monism and dualism may not be exclusive, indicates a potential fundamental limitation of the whole taxonomy. Furthermore, since other thinkers (such as Whitehead, de Chardin, and others) may potentially be classified as trinitarian, Kuhn's taxonomy arguably needs revision. In fact, the dualism vs. monism and related debates mirror limitations in current ways of thinking. The trinitarian view offers a different approach to "the hard problem of consciousness", understanding the differentiation between mind and body, and the philosophical problems that arise from this differentiation, as part of human development.

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Journal
Acta Psychologica
Published
2026-05-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107015
Primary Topic
Scientific and Historical Analyses
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Steiner's trinitarian view and the philosophy of mind: A critique of Kuhn's landscape of consciousness taxonomy

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Steiner's trinitarian view and the philosophy of mind: A critique of Kuhn's landscape of consciousness taxonomy

Ulrich Weger, Markus Lindholm, Torbjørn Eftestøl, Terje Sparby, Friedrich Edelhäuser, Even Lynne
article en

Abstract

In a recent taxonomy of different philosophies of mind, Robert Lawrence Kuhn classified Rudolf Steiner's view as a mind-body dualism. We argue that this classification is incorrect. Rather, Steiner's view is trinitarian and represents a unification of monism and dualism. Hence, the trinitarian conception of the human being in Steiner not only challenges Kuhn's taxonomic placement of Steiner's view but also, by showing that monism and dualism may not be exclusive, indicates a potential fundamental limitation of the whole taxonomy. Furthermore, since other thinkers (such as Whitehead, de Chardin, and others) may potentially be classified as trinitarian, Kuhn's taxonomy arguably needs revision. In fact, the dualism vs. monism and related debates mirror limitations in current ways of thinking. The trinitarian view offers a different approach to "the hard problem of consciousness", understanding the differentiation between mind and body, and the philosophical problems that arise from this differentiation, as part of human development.

Acta PsychologicaVol. 267
Witten/Herdecke University (DE), Rudolf Steiner University College (NO)
Software AG – Stiftung
Reduced inequalities
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Scientific and Historical Analyses
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