ANTHROPOGENIC RELIEF IN THE LIMANS OF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF UKRAINE

The article investigates the characteristics, spatial differentiation, and morphodynamic consequences of anthropogenic relief within the liman systems of the north-western Black Sea coast of Ukraine. Using four representative limans - Dniester, Sukhoi, Dnipro–Bug, and Malyi Adzhalytskyi - as case studies, the research identifies the main groups of human-induced landforms and evaluates their influence on sedimentary processes, coastal stability, hydrological exchange, and ecological state. The methodology integrates geomorphological field surveys, analysis of satellite imagery, historical cartography, and systematization of engineering records. Results show that technogenic accumulation (dams, embankments, artificial terraces), dredging-related relief, urban–industrial modification, and mixed transformative complexes significantly reshape liman morphogenesis. Each liman demonstrates a specific structure of anthropogenic relief, reflecting differences in hydrology, landscape sensitivity, economic use, and infrastructure development. The study concludes that anthropogenic relief has become a dominant factor in liman evolution along the Ukrainian Black Sea coast, necessitating integrated coastal management and continuous geomorphological monitoring.