Role of Electroencephalographic Biomarkers as Predictors of Post-Stroke Cognitive Outcomes in Patients with Cerebral Infarction: Literature Review

Abstract: Cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke) is a leading cause of long-term disability. It is often associated with cognitive impairment that has a significant impact on quality of life. Predicting biomarkers is necessary, and electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers have emerged as promising tools to predict cognitive outcomes in these patients. To conduct this literature review, a comprehensive search was performed in different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from inception to 2025, focusing on biomarkers and the role of ECG in predicting cognitive outcomes. In addition, recent clinical trials were also reviewed and assessed for the role of biomarkers in predicting cognitive outcomes. This literature review suggests that specific EEG abnormalities, including generalized slowing or altered power in alpha, delta, beta, gamma, and theta bands, as well as disrupted functional connectivity, consistently correlate with deficits in memory, attention, and executive functioning. In addition, the ability to assess the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation interventions has also been demonstrated. It provides non-invasive, cost-effective, and accessible insights into brain function and event-related ability to assess cognitive prognosis after stroke. EEG biomarkers can be used as a predictor for cognitive impairments in patients with cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke). Keywords: electroencephalographic biomarkers, ischemic stroke, cognitive impairments, memory loss