From Traditional to Digital Human Resource Management: Global Practices and the Turkish Perspective in the Industry 5.0 Era

The aim of this study is to analyze the historical development of Human Resource Management (HRM) at the global level and specifically in Türkiye, to examine the effects of the human-centered and technology-integrated structure of Industry 5.0 on HRM, and to develop applicable strategies for Türkiye by evaluating the potential implications of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence for HRM policies. A qualitative research approach was adopted as the methodology of the study, and a literature review was used as the data collection method. The historical development of HRM, its trajectory in Türkiye, and the impacts of Industry 5.0 were examined. In this way, a theoretical framework was established and recommendations for the new industrial paradigm were developed. As a result, it has been revealed that HRM should evolve beyond technological transformation into a human-centered, ethical, and strategic structure within the Industry 5.0 process. In Türkiye, this transformation needs to be addressed not only through digital infrastructure but also in conjunction with organizational culture, leadership, and societal values. Although Türkiye has not yet completed the transition to Industry 5.0, the potential to benefit from the experiences of other countries during this process makes it possible to implement new opportunities.