Reactive species generated by a cold atmospheric plasma inactivate AAV through oxidative and nitrosative stress

reduction in AAV6 infectious activity. The acidification and enrichment in nitrites and nitrates characterized plasma-activated phosphate-buffered saline. The results suggest that oxidative and nitrosative damage to the viral capsid proteins, along with partial genome degradation, accounted for the loss of AAV6 infectivity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the inactivation capacity of plasma-generated reactive nitrogen species for AAV6 and support their potential use in disinfection strategies applicable to non-enveloped viruses such as AAV.