Ginger phytochemical corona enhances hemocompatibility of metal oxide nanoparticles for blood-contacting applications

increase (185 → >500 µg/mL), attributed to the highest phenolic loading (53.2 mg GAE/g) and ApoA-I enrichment (7.8-fold). Ginger extract is a highly effective green agent for producing hemocompatible metal oxide nanoparticles through four protective mechanisms: physical barrier, ion chelation, ROS scavenging, and stealth corona formation. This approach supports their potential use in blood-contacting biomedical applications.