From Emissions to Innovation: Green Logistics as Corporate Social Strategy in Philippine International Freight Forwarding

This study examines how green logistics is implemented as part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Philippine international freight forwarding, focusing on the gap between sustainability expectations and operational realities. While environmental responsibility has become a priority in global supply chains, its practical application in developing-country logistics contexts remains uneven. The study aims to understand how logistics professionals integrate green logistics into daily operations, the challenges they encounter, and how these practices contribute to CSR outcomes. Qualitative descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten logistics professionals working in operations, compliance, and management roles within Metro Manila-based international freight forwarding companies. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and themes, guided by the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. Findings reveal that green logistics is embedded within routine operational processes such as route optimization, shipment consolidation, digital documentation, emissions monitoring, and resource reuse. These practices serve as tangible expressions of CSR. However, implementation is constrained by fragmented systems, inconsistent subcontractor data, time pressure, cost limitations, and infrastructure challenges. External drivers such as regulatory requirements and client sustainability expectations significantly influence adoption, while leadership support and digital systems enhance consistency. The study concludes that green logistics operationalizes CSR by integrating environmental accountability into core logistics functions. Strengthening digital integration, training, and stakeholder coordination can improve sustainability performance. The findings contribute to the literature by providing an operational perspective on CSR implementation in developing-country logistics contexts.