Under-bridge spaces across socio-economic contexts in Cairo: evaluating functional morphology, socio-spatial impact and the enhancement of urban vitality

Purpose This research studies the present functional morphology of under-bridge spaces within the Egyptian context, mainly in Cairo. The study aims to evaluate their current conditions and socio-spatial influence on the surrounding urban environments, examining whether their functional utilization improves or deters urban vitality and quality of life. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a Qualitative Case Study Approach, the methodology was structured focusing on the contextual understanding and in-depth analysis of the utilization, quality and socio-spatial impact of under-bridge spaces in Cairo. The study examined three different case studies reflecting different socio-economic levels: Ezbet El-Haggana (low-income), Nasr City (middle-income) and the 5th Settlement (high-income). This methodology combined a literature-based theoretical framework focusing on five main aspects (Accessibility, Diversity of Users and Activities, Safety and comfort, Connection with community and Adaptability) with nonparticipant field observations and in-depth interviews to understand the aspects affecting the urban quality and vitality of these spaces as perceived by their users and observed in their daily lives. Findings According to the comparative analysis, under-bridge spaces, especially in low-income areas, can be developed into valuable urban properties. However, poor planning severely limits this potential. The main challenges are the discomfort from the constant noise and vibrations caused by traffic overhead, and the lack of safe places for people to cross the street, which makes these spaces feel cut off from the rest of the city. In high-income neighborhoods, the way these spaces are designed can also make social and economic divides even worse. On the positive side, creating a sense of enclosure by giving the space clear boundaries can make a big difference. It helps turn these areas into more welcoming, human-friendly places where new features and improvements can be added without a huge cost. Originality/value This study's comparative, multi-contextual analysis of under-bridge spaces across various socio-economic urban contexts is what makes it unique. Seven evidence-based, methodically grounded recommendations (such as Transitioning Governance, Engineering Resilience, Restoring Connectivity and Institutional Sustainability) are included at the end of the research to transform these urban voids into effective, community-focused public facilities and guarantee their long-term transformation throughout Cairo's urban context.