Is Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum in Neonates Associated with Atopic Diseases?

Objective: Erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN) is a benign rash commonly observed in newborns, typically resolving spontaneously within one to two weeks. The lesions are characterized by multiple erythematous macules containing eosinophils and are known to be associated with peripheral eosinophilia, a condition commonly seen in atopic diseases. Therefore, the presence of ETN may be associated with the subsequent development of atopic diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of atopic diseases in newborns with and without ETN and to evaluate the association between the presence of ETN and the manifestation of atopic diseases during childhood. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized electronic medical records and telephone interviews of subjects born at HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center in 2013. Participants were divided into two groups: newborns with ETN and those without ETN. The follow-up period for diagnosing atopic diseases extended to four years after birth (2017). Results: A total of 134 newborns were included in the study (67 with ETN and 67 without ETN). During the followup period, 12 of 67 newborns with ETN and 14 of 67 newborns without ETN developed atopic diseases. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of ETN was not associated with an increased risk of developing atopic diseases (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.37; 95% CI 0.55-3.41). However, a significant association was found between a family history of atopic diseases and the development of atopic conditions in the children. Conclusions: The presence of ETN does not increase the risk of developing atopic diseases during childhood.