PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BRASSICA JUNCEA L. GROWN UNDER HYDROPONIC CONDITIONS

Hydroponic systems involve plant cultivation without soil, using inert support media such as coir pith, vermiculite, gravel and peat moss to provide mechanical support to plant roots. Compared with conventional soil-based cultivation, hydroponics has progressed significantly and offers several advantages, including efficient nutrient utilization, conservation of natural fertilizers, and reduced environmental impact, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Brassica juncea L. belonging to the family Brassicaceae, is an important horticultural crop widely consumed as a vegetable and valued for its medicinal properties. The plant is rich in essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, lipids, phosphorus, calcium, and vitamins A, B, and C. Traditionally, B. juncea has been used to treat ailments such as headaches and coughs and to improve kidney function and digestion. In the present study, hydroponic cultivation was employed to produce healthier plants with minimal accumulation of harmful chemicals. The objective was to evaluate the morphological characteristics and phytochemical composition of hydroponically grown Brassica juncea L. using both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. All seeds exhibited 100% germination in the nutrient solution, accompanied by significantly enhanced root growth. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 18 classes of phytoconstituents. Quantitative analysis showed that the reducing sugar content was 1.3 mg/g, total phenolic content was 0.28 mg/g and total protein content was 2.5 mg/g. These findings support the traditional medicinal use of Brassica juncea and underscore its phytochemical potential. Further investigations are recommended to identify, isolate, and characterize the bioactive compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of these phytochemical extracts.