Chemistry and Potential Applications of the Samaras of the Invasive Plant Species <i>Ailanthus altissima</i> (Mill.) Swingle

In this study, the samaras of the alien invasive plant species Ailanthus altissima were chemically analyzed and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity and in silico biological activities. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of essential macroelements (Ca > K > P > Mg > Na) and trace elements (Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni). With their high content (> 12% w/w) and particular fatty acid profile (C18:1 + C18:2 > 90%), samara lipids show limited potential for biodiesel development, as several key physicochemical properties of the prospected biodiesel did not fully adhere to international specifications (ASTM D-6751, EN 14214:2008, BG/T 20828:2007). The phenolic profile, particularly rich in phenolic acids, flavonols, and coumarins, was correlated with strong antioxidant activity. In silico analysis revealed that this untapped feedstock could have promising biological activities with pharmacological potential.