Tailoring smart working for neurodivergent employees: a study on ADHD, procrastination and flexible productivity strategies

Purpose This study explores how neurodivergent employees experience and manage procrastination within smart working environments, with a focus on identifying challenges and best practices for tailoring these environments to support neurodiversity. Design/methodology/approach Using the Gioia methodology, an empirical analysis of 22 in-depth interviews with neurodivergent employees was conducted. Through a rigorous content analysis of the interview data, the study uncovers key themes and insights into the lived experiences of neurodivergent individuals in smart working contexts. Findings The findings suggest four aggregate dimensions: Individual Coping Mechanisms, Challenges and Barriers, Organizational Support and the Role of Technology. These dimensions highlight the unique strategies neurodivergent employees employ to manage procrastination, the obstacles they face and the critical role of organizational practices and adaptive technologies in fostering productivity and well-being. Practical implications The study contributes to the growing discourse on workplace inclusion by moving beyond general discussions to address the specific needs of neurodivergent employees. This study extends Person-Environment fit theory by proposing “neuro-inclusive fit” as a distinct dimension addressing neuro-cognitive variability through collaborative and flexible work design. The findings suggest that the perceived benefit of a flexible work structure for ADHD employees appears contingent on the presence of psychological safety and managerial support. Originality/value This research breaks new ground by advancing the understanding of neurodiversity in the context of smart working. The emergent themes and insights provide a nuanced perspective that was not previously anticipated, enriching both academic literature and practical approaches to workplace inclusion.