Voltammetric and potentiometric sensors for the detection of electrochemically inactive 2-aminoindane in saliva

2-Aminoindane (2-AI) belongs to new psychoactive substances and is one synthacaine component that imitates the effects of cocaine. Despite the structural similarity to amphetamine stimulants, 2-AI is electrochemical inactive. Here, 4- tert - butyl -calix[4]arene tetraacetate was applied as a recognizing component of the ion-selective membrane and modifier of the graphite electrode. The advantages and disadvantages of the direct potentiometric versus voltametric detection of 2-AI are discussed. The electrochemical selectivity and quantification in saliva samples were explained by theoretical calculations and confirmed by LC-MS experiments, respectively. Simultaneous application of both voltammetric and potentiometric sensors allows to cover the wide concentration range, specifically, 1.0 μmol L −1 up to 10 mmol L −1 . This study demonstrates the potential of the potentiometric and voltammetric detection of 2-AI as individual compound and in a mixture with other compounds in saliva (recovery 95–117%; RSD 6–15.4%), bringing an improved tool for public health protection. • Mechanism of interaction of calix[4]arene derivative with 2-aminoindane. • Direct detection of electrochemically inactive 2-aminoindane. • Practical potential of the potentiometric/voltammetric sensor. • Quantification of 2-aminoindane in saliva samples using new electrochemical sensor and verification by LC-MS.