Factors affecting the collection of clinical data for quality improvement at a tertiary centre in Papua New Guinea: a qualitative study

Background: The collection of clinical audit data are important for audit, research and other quality improvement processes. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a range of challenges to effective data collection and use. In this study, we explored factors affecting the collection of clinical data at a tertiary centre in Papua New Guinea. Methods: This qualitative study was based on semi-structured individual interviews with healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital in Papua New Guinea. Questions focused on participants' experiences and perspectives regarding the collection of clinical data. We transcribed the interviews and analysed them using reflexive thematic analysis. We collected demographics using a short survey. Reporting of the research was guided by COREQ. Results: We conducted 20 interviews with predominantly nursing staff (n/N = 15/20; 75%). Of the participants, 16/20 (80%) had previously collected data for an audit or research project. Five themes and eight subthemes were conceptualised. Themes related to organisational culture, staff workload, data documentation practices, research infrastructure and study procedures. Although participants were motivated to complete data collection, they faced significant challenges that hindered their ability to do so. While staff often had to choose between collecting data and providing patient care, data collection initiatives could also improve patient care by improving communication between healthcare workers. Conclusions: In this study, we revealed numerous factors which affect the success of clinical data collection for audit and research purposes. These factors may be considered in the design of future initiatives. This has significant implications given the public health importance of strengthening data collection in Papua New Guinea, the Pacific Islands and LMICs in other regions.