Advancing Supercapacitors With Multilayered Borophene on Molybdenum Electrodes

ABSTRACT This study presents the controlled synthesis of structures consistent with multilayer borophene on molybdenum substrates via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), targeting high‐performance supercapacitor applications. The resulting borophene exhibits high tensile strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and enhanced electrical conductivity, making it a promising candidate for energy storage devices. We addressed the challenges of controlling thickness and properties during borophene growth by systematically analyzing the CVD process, including precursor materials and ratios, carrier gases, and reaction temperature. By optimizing these parameters and using the molybdenum substrate as a catalyst, we achieved uniform coverage with a thickness of approximately 247 nm, representing a significant improvement over previous reports. When applied as a symmetric supercapacitor electrode, the borophene/Mo system delivered a specific areal capacitance of 54.6 mF·cm − 2 and a specific gravimetric capacitance of 471 F·g − 1 at 1 mV·s − 1 . The volumetric energy density reached ∼1106 J·cm − 3 , with 83% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 15 A·g − 1 . These results highlight the potential of high‐quality, multilayered borophene on molybdenum substrates, demonstrating that its crystalline quality and 2D structure enable efficient ion intercalation and superior supercapacitor performance. Notably, this work combines CVD‐based borophene growth on molybdenum with systematic process optimization and supercapacitor evaluation within a unified framework.