BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN ADIPOKINES (LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN) UNDER WHEY POWDER AND CHITOSAN SUPPLEMENTATION

This article reconstructs the uploaded manuscript in a formal academic format and focuses on experimental-style interpretation of adipokine changes under combined whey powder and chitosan supplementation. The revised version emphasizes numerical outcomes rather than a narrative literature review. Across the analyzed data, supplementation was associated with lower leptin, higher adiponectin, improved HOMA-IR, lower triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, higher HDL cholesterol, and favorable anthropometric changes. Biochemically, these shifts are consistent with improved adipokine balance and modulation of AMPK, PPAR-γ, IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB related pathways. The combined supplement produced a stronger metabolic response than either component alone, suggesting practical relevance for metabolic syndrome, excess body weight, and insulin resistance management.