Lens-Induced Uveitis: A Systematic Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

INTRODUCTION: Lens-induced uveitis is an adaptive, immune-mediated reaction to lens proteins that are exposed to the anterior chamber. Although uncommon, its clinical presentation and management remain variable, and no standardized care algorithm exists. We aim to review the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for lens-induced uveitis as reported in the literature. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus databases up to October 31, 2025. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies encompassing 252 eyes were included. Most cases (82.54%) involved a disrupted lens capsule, consistent with the central role of crystallin exposure in triggering a phacogenic inflammatory response. At final follow-up, 64.69% of eyes had a visual acuity of light perception or worse. Surgical removal of lens material was the predominant definitive treatment, and earlier intervention in more recent reports appeared associated with better visual outcomes. DISCUSSION: Lens-induced uveitis remains a vision-threatening condition largely driven by delayed diagnosis and persistent exposure to lens-derived antigens. Early clinical recognition and timely surgical removal of antigenic material are essential to avoid irreversible inflammatory damage. Improved awareness of its characteristic clinical features may support earlier intervention and better visual outcomes.