Eco-Friendly Smart Packaging Films for Visual Detection of Food Freshness

The increasing demand for sustainable food packaging has led to the development of eco-friendly smart films capable of visually indicating food freshness. These films utilize biodegradable polymers and natural pigments that respond to chemical changes associated with food spoilage. This paper reviews the design, materials, working mechanisms, and applications of such smart packaging systems. The integration of plant-based indicators and biopolymers provides a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic packaging while enabling real-time freshness monitoring. These innovations contribute significantly to reducing food waste and enhancing food safety.