THE ROLE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN MODERN MEDICINE

Genetic engineering has become a transformative field in modern medicine, significantly improving disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This study examines the role of genetic engineering in healthcare, focusing on gene therapy, CRISPR-Cas genome editing, cancer immunotherapy, vaccine development, and personalized medicine. Recent advances in biotechnology and molecular genetics have enabled scientists to develop targeted therapies for inherited disorders, cancers, and infectious diseases. The study also discusses the integration of artificial intelligence and bioinformatics in genomic medicine, which enhances diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency. Despite its numerous benefits, genetic engineering raises ethical, economic, and regulatory concerns related to safety, accessibility, and genetic privacy. Overall, genetic engineering continues to revolutionize medical science and is expected to play a central role in the future of precision medicine and global healthcare innovation.