Exploring Interleukin-33 Serum Levels in Heart Failure Patients at a Tertiary Healthcare Center: A Case-control Study

Background Heart failure is currently one of the most important global health problems, which drastically decreases patients’ lifestyle, increases hospitalizations, mortality, and morbidity, much more than common cancers. Despite advances in heart failure treatment, new markers are constantly being investigated to improve outcomes. Interleukin-33 and its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 system is a novel entity involved in the etiopathogenesis of heart failure. It has a cardioprotective role, retards fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy of the myocardium. Our study focused to assess the concentration of interleukin-33 in heart failure and its prognostic value. Objective We recruited 26 (66.6%) heart failure patients and 13 (33.3%) controls based on echocardiography and clinical findings. All demographic profiles, clinical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory investigation reports, serum interleukin-33, treatment records, course in the hospital, and outcomes were recorded in the predesigned case record form, and the two groups were compared. Results The serum interleukin-33 (pg/mL) in the heart failure population was significantly lower as compared to the control group (458.7 ± 48 vs. 544.9 ± 45.9) ( P < .001). Interleukin-33 at a level of 493 pg/mL had high diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 88.5% and a specificity of 100% in predicting heart failure. Conclusion The concentration of interleukin-33 being lower in heart failure emphasized its beneficial effect and its diagnostic accuracy in heart failure.