Gingival cysts of the adult associated with gingival inflammation hyperplasia: a rare case report

BACKGROUND: Gingival cysts of the adult are rare developmental odontogenic cysts originating from the dental lamina. They usually present as single, small, bluish, noninflammatory swellings on the gingivae or alveolar mucosa. The aim of our study was to present one rare clinical case of a gingival cyst associated with inflammation hyperplasia in an adult. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old woman presented with an 18-month history of labial gingival enlargement and bleeding in her right upper anterior teeth. On intraoral examination, a single, sessile, round, noncystic lesion measuring 10 × 6 × 2 mm was observed. It had a fresh red color and an uneven surface. Radiographic examination revealed horizontal resorption in the mesial and distal alveoli and no evidence of cortical erosion. After nonsurgical periodontal treatment, the lesion was completely excised and secured by the coronally advanced flap technique. Histological examination revealed that an odontogenic cyst originating from the dental lamina was associated with inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Healing was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed during the 12-month telephone follow-up. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this case is the first to describe an adult gingival cyst accompanied by significant gingival inflammation hyperplasia. It offers a new perspective on the clinical presentation of adult gingival cysts and provides substantial diagnostic and differential diagnostic value.