The effects of tissue flossing on neuromuscular activation in patients with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial

= 0.121, large effect size), with no significant between-group difference in post-hoc tests (p = 0.454). Muscle reaction time and static balance improved significantly from baseline in all participants, but the magnitude of improvement did not differ between groups. No additional between-group differences were observed in ankle muscle strength, dynamic balance, or electromyographic activity in other directions. TF combined with balance training did not provide statistically significant additional long-term benefits compared to balance training alone.Clinical trial registration: This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Identifier: ChiCTR2400092294) (https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/userProject?status=%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E5%AE%A1%E6%A0%B8).