Neutral X‐Site ABX <sub>3</sub> ‐Type Perovskites

ABSTRACT ABX 3 ‐type perovskite materials have garnered significant and sustained attention over the years owing to their diverse functional properties and chemical versatility. This class encompasses inorganic oxides, organic–inorganic hybrids, and emerging metal‐free variants. However, it is noteworthy that nearly all perovskite materials developed thus far are constituted exclusively of ionic components occupying the A‐, B‐, and X‐sites. Here, we introduce a new class of three‐dimensional ABX 3 perovskites with a neutral molecule as the X‐site, exemplified by (PF 6 )Na(1,4‐dioxane) 3 and (ClO 4 )Ag(1,4‐dioxane) 3 . Neutral 1,4‐dioxane molecules coordinate with monovalent B‐site metal cations to form corner‐sharing B(1,4‐dioxane) 6 octahedra, generating positively charged three‐dimensional frameworks that encapsulate spherical A‐site counter‐anions. Specifically, (PF 6 )Na(1,4‐dioxane) 3 undergoes a 4/ mmm F2/ m ferroelastic transition at 290 K. Meanwhile, (ClO 4 )Ag(1,4‐dioxane) 3 exhibits successive m m F4/ mmm and 4/ mmm F2/ m ferroelastic transitions at 302 and 292 K, accompanied by clearly observable stripe‐like ferroelastic domains and switchable birefringence. Notably, constructing ABX 3 perovskites with a neutral X‐site enables stable 3D frameworks within the Goldschmidt tolerance criteria and greatly expands chemical flexibility, allowing precise modulating of structural and functional properties. The introduction of this fundamentally new perovskite subclass opens up vast possibilities for achieving exotic properties and functionalities, further enriching this highly promising material platform.

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Journal
Angewandte Chemie
Published
2026-05-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.3168284
Primary Topic
Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Neutral X‐Site ABX 3 ‐Type Perovskites

Yan‐Ran Weng, Hui‐Peng Lv, Wei‐Qiang Liao, Xiao‐Gang Chen et al.
Angewandte Chemie
Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications
article

Neutral X‐Site ABX 3 ‐Type Perovskites

Yan‐Ran Weng, Hui‐Peng Lv, Wei‐Qiang Liao, Xiao‐Gang Chen, Yan Qin, Xian‐Jiang Song, Ren‐Gen Xiong
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT ABX 3 ‐type perovskite materials have garnered significant and sustained attention over the years owing to their diverse functional properties and chemical versatility. This class encompasses inorganic oxides, organic–inorganic hybrids, and emerging metal‐free variants. However, it is noteworthy that nearly all perovskite materials developed thus far are constituted exclusively of ionic components occupying the A‐, B‐, and X‐sites. Here, we introduce a new class of three‐dimensional ABX 3 perovskites with a neutral molecule as the X‐site, exemplified by (PF 6 )Na(1,4‐dioxane) 3 and (ClO 4 )Ag(1,4‐dioxane) 3 . Neutral 1,4‐dioxane molecules coordinate with monovalent B‐site metal cations to form corner‐sharing B(1,4‐dioxane) 6 octahedra, generating positively charged three‐dimensional frameworks that encapsulate spherical A‐site counter‐anions. Specifically, (PF 6 )Na(1,4‐dioxane) 3 undergoes a 4/ mmm F2/ m ferroelastic transition at 290 K. Meanwhile, (ClO 4 )Ag(1,4‐dioxane) 3 exhibits successive m m F4/ mmm and 4/ mmm F2/ m ferroelastic transitions at 302 and 292 K, accompanied by clearly observable stripe‐like ferroelastic domains and switchable birefringence. Notably, constructing ABX 3 perovskites with a neutral X‐site enables stable 3D frameworks within the Goldschmidt tolerance criteria and greatly expands chemical flexibility, allowing precise modulating of structural and functional properties. The introduction of this fundamentally new perovskite subclass opens up vast possibilities for achieving exotic properties and functionalities, further enriching this highly promising material platform.

Angewandte Chemie
Nanchang University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications
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