The physical and mental workload of small-sided football games: the influence of pitch size and the importance of effective monitoring and control

Abstract This study compared the effects of two pitch sizes (40 × 20 m and 30 × 15 m) on mental workload (MWL), perceived physical effort (RPE), and physical performance during 8-vs-8 small-sided football games (SSGs). Sixteen amateur players (an average age of 13.95 years) participated in a cross-over design over three weeks, playing on both pitch sizes. Pre- and post-tests measured neuromuscular fatigue via countermovement jumps (CMJ), the RPE scale, and MWL with the NASA-TLX. VO 2 Max was assessed once to explore its relationship with MWL changes. Results showed a significant effect of time on neuromuscular fatigue and a significant pitch size effect on RPE, with a 9.39% increase on the larger pitch. MWL was higher on the smaller pitch, while RPE was greater on the larger pitch. Additionally, higher VO 2 Max levels were linked to reduced MWL on the larger pitch. These findings indicate that smaller pitches impose greater cognitive demands, whereas larger pitches increase physical exertion. Modifying pitch size can strategically influence MWL and RPE, providing practical guidance for training design and match planning to optimize both physical and mental performance.