Errors in the dilution/reconstitution of injectable preparations in oncology: Analysis of the most common errors, clinical consequences, and technological solutions to ensure safe hospital practice

ObjectiveThis review article was conducted to summarize the published literature on the most common errors and clinical consequences, and to explore technological solutions for securing the process of preparing chemotherapeutic drugs.Data sourceThe literature used in this review was identified through searches of major medical and pharmaceutical databases including (PubMed) (Science Direct). Articles were searched using the Medical Subject Headings terms: "cytotoxic drugs", "compounding", "reconstitution errors", "oncology pharmacy", "chemotherapy preparation errors "; "automated compounding"; "dilution errors ".Summary of dataThe preparation of cytotoxic drugs has generally been centralized in the hospital pharmacy for two main reasons: to ensure the safety of staff, and to provide greater protection for patients. Errors in chemotherapy compounding have been identified, which can lead to severe outcomes, including death or permanent loss of function in patients with cancer. Such errors may occur during drug reconstitution and mixing, as well as during verification and labeling of the compounded mixture. Automated compounding systems have demonstrated the ability to prepare chemotherapy drugs effectively, delivering high-quality products with productivity comparable to that manual preparation methods.ConclusionCytotoxic drug reconstitution is a strategic link in oncology pharmacy to enhance safety, it is necessary to promote harmonized practices, develop continuing education, and integrate innovative technologies into preparation units.