Evidence-Based Algorithm for Microtia Reconstruction in The Modern Era: Autologous, Alloplastic, and Prosthetic Approaches

Microtia is a congenital malformation of the external ear that represents a complex reconstructive challenge due to the intricate three-dimensional anatomy of the auricle. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of current reconstructive options including autologous costal cartilage reconstruction, alloplastic implants, and prosthetic rehabilitation. A structured narrative review of contemporary literature was performed. Autologous reconstruction remains the gold standard for long-term durability, while alloplastic and prosthetic approaches provide valuable alternatives in selected patients. An evidence-based algorithm is proposed to guide clinical decision-making.