Proteomic Profiling Reveals the Synergistic Effects of Astaxanthin and Melatonin on the Inhibition of Cryoinjuries in Ram Sperm

, CTSF, and AFU, which are tightly associated with the regulation of sperm motility, oxidative stress, and other metabolic processes, may serve as novel potential biomarkers for evaluating sperm quality after freeze-thawing. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the protective effects of AST and MLT on ram semen quality and replenishes information for further clarifying the molecular mechanism based on the modification of the sperm proteome during cryopreservation.