Optimization of Wood Log-Based Cultivation and Biological Characterization of a Wild Ganoderma lucidum Strain from Yok Don National Park, Vietnam

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely recognized for its pharmacological and economic value; however, information on the cultivation performance and bioactivity of wild Vietnamese strains remains limited. This study aimed to optimize wood log-based cultivation conditions and evaluate the anticancer and antidiabetic activities of a wild G. lucidum strain (G2) collected from Yok Don National Park, Vietnam. Cultivation parameters were optimized using a Taguchi L9 experimental design. Rubber tree wood logs (12–15 cm in diameter) yielded fruiting bodies with superior morphological traits. Multivariate analyses confirmed strong positive correlations among stipe length, fruiting body dimensions, and biomass. Biological evaluation revealed significant antiproliferative activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines, with more than 50% growth inhibition at 100 µg/mL. The ethanol extract exhibited notable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 92.13 µg/mL, as well as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity (IC50 = 31.77 µg/mL). By contrast, the polysaccharide fraction showed no significant inhibition of either enzyme. These findings demonstrate the dual potential of the wild G. lucidum G2 strain as a candidate for optimized cultivation and as a promising source of bioactive compounds with anticancer and antidiabetic-related activities.