Contrasting salinity regimes reshape microbe-DOM coupling and reduce recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon preservation in a salt lake

Salt lakes account for nearly half of the world's inland water area and play an irreplaceable role as "carbon conversion and stabilization factories," making substantial contributions to the global carbon cycle. Central to this function is the transformation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its accumulation into recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC), which together underpin internal carbon processing in these systems. However, the pathways through which DOC is converted to RDOC in salt lakes, and how these pathways are shaped by salinity and microbial communities, remain poorly resolved. Here, using Yuncheng Salt Lake as a within-lake system, we combined field-based in situ characterization with long-term incubation experiments to examine how contrasting salinity regimes were associated with microbial and dissolved organic matter (DOM) variation. Higher salinity was associated with reduced bacterial and dissolved organic matter diversity, stronger deterministic bacterial assembly, and a restructured bacteria-DOM association network. Under the standardized nutrient-replete incubation conditions used here, samples from the higher-salinity regime exhibited higher biodegradable DOC, lower RDOC preservation, and greater overall DOC loss over the 100-day experimental timescale. Salinity-related differences in microbial community composition, metabolomic profiles, and dissolved organic matter characteristics were closely associated with variation in RDOC dynamics, suggesting that these carbon-processing differences were accompanied by coordinated microbial and metabolic reorganization. Together, these results provide process-relevant, condition-specific evidence that contrasting salinity regimes within Yuncheng Salt Lake were associated with differences in microbe-DOM coupling and in DOC/RDOC outcomes.