Comparison of ABO Blood Group, Rh Factor, and Genotype Frequency Among University Students in Liberia and Pakistan: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Background: Understanding the ABO and RhD blood group systems is important for safe blood transfusions and preventing hemolytic transfusion reactions caused by incompatible blood types. This study compared the phenotypes and calculated genotypes of ABO and RhD blood group systems among students from Cuttington University (CU), Liberia, and the University of Narowal (UON), Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1017 participants (517 from CU and 500 from UON). Capillary blood samples were collected and analyzed using standard antigen-antibody agglutination test kits. Phenotype frequencies were determined, while genotype and allele frequencies were estimated under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results: = 0.217, respectively). Conclusion: The observed differences in phenotype distribution, despite similar numerical genotypic patterns, highlight the underlying genetic variability within the population. These findings provide valuable insights for possible transfusion medicine, population genetics, and health planning across regions.