High-precision positioning and velocity measurement technology for space targets based on multi-station cooperative detection

With the development of the aerospace industry, the number of orbital targets such as low-orbit satellite constellations and space debris has increased sharply. Single-station systems are limited by coverage and measurement errors, making it hard to meet the "kilometer-level positioning and meter-per-second speed measurement" requirements. This study focuses on multi-station collaborative positioning and speed measurement: it sorts out the Earth-Centered Inertial (ECI), Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF), and station horizontal coordinate systems and their conversions to solve multi-station data reference unification; A study was conducted on the high-precision positioning and velocity measurement methods for space targets in multi-station radar cooperative detection based on the nRṘ system, derives a position model without linearization errors via vector operations, and calculates speed with linear equations, achieving positioning error within 1 km and speed measurement error within 1 m/s; extends 3RṘ to nRṘ, establishes an error propagation model, quantifies the station number-precision correlation, and reserves a modeling framework. Researching multi-station collaborative measurement technology to provide technical support for spacecraft rendezvous and docking as well as space debris avoidance is of great significance for maintaining spaceflight safety and space order.