Garlic-derived metabolite activates LKB1, promotes adipose eNAMPT secretion, and improves age-related muscle function via hypothalamic signaling

-dependent protein deacetylase, SIRT1, and promoting the secretion of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) in white adipose tissue (WAT). Interestingly, eNAMPT secreted from WAT specifically targets the hypothalamus, significantly enhancing skeletal muscle force and improving frailty indices in aged mice. Furthermore, S1PC is also able to increase circulating eNAMPT levels in human individuals who maintain healthy adipose mass. These findings demonstrate that S1PC specifically stimulates the LKB1-SIRT1 pathway and enhances eNAMPT secretion in WAT, counteracting skeletal muscle aging in aged individuals.