Chemical Composition of Algerian Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter Essential Oil and Hydroethanol Extract

Dittrichia viscosa (L.) is a Mediterranean ruderal species commonly found in disturbed environments such as roadsides, fallow lands, agricultural margins, and urban areas, with a geographical range extending from Southern Europe and North Africa to the Middle East. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of the essential oil and hydroethanol leaf extract of D. viscosa collected in Algeria, using complementary chromatographic techniques. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, whereas the hydroethanol extract was obtained through maceration. Chemical characterization was carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for volatile constituents and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for non-volatile compounds. GC–MS analysis revealed that the essential oil was mainly composed of cis-lanceol (11.56%), nerolidol (11.08%), a naphthalenone derivative (10.65%), humulenol II (5.89%), zizanol (4.79%), and neointermedeol (4.35%). LC–MS/MS analysis of the hydroethanol extract led to the identification of eleven compounds, viz folic acid, β-carotene, thymol, oleanolic acid, resveratrol, riboflavin, rutin, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, and 4-methoxybenzoic acid. The chemical diversity observed in both extracts enriches current knowledge on D. viscosa growing in Algeria and supports its relevance as a promising natural source of bioactive metabolites.