Maritime Cybersecurity: Element in Defending Against Cyberattacks

The increasing integration of advanced technological solutions within maritime environments, such as ships and ports, combined with the adoption of emerging technologies and the establishment of new standards and guidelines, has elevated cybersecurity to a critical concern. This study focuses on the development of specific strategies and technical measures to strengthen cybersecurity in these environments, emphasizing key challenges such as the human factor, identified as the weakest link in the defense chain. The research explores how attentional biases influence individuals' responses to cyber threats. Through the use of a technological tool with integrated biofeedback, a training program was developed to improve cybersecurity awareness. The findings revealed that fostering a cybersecurity culture had a more significant impact than prior knowledge on the subject, as it facilitated the identification of errors during tasks. Moreover, repeated use of the tool led to a reduction in errors, which correlated with increased awareness and emotional self-regulation. This pioneering study in the field of cybersecurity underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches that integrate engineering, psychology, and cybersecurity training to mitigate human vulnerabilities and enhance the resilience of maritime systems.