A Study on a Strategic Framework for Strengthening Busan Port’s Competitiveness as a Multimodal Transport Hub

This study proposes a strategic framework to enhance the competitiveness of Busan Port as a multimodal transportation hub in the Asia-Pacific by addressing key structural and operational constraints in its logistics system. The research adopts a qualitative, policy-oriented approach, analyzing port operations, hinterland functionality, air logistics integration, and the level of digital transformation, while incorporating infrastructure developments such as Gadeok New Airport into a structural assessment of multimodal connectivity. The findings indicate that, despite its world-class maritime cargo handling capacity, Busan Port’s competitiveness is limited by weak air cargo linkages, insufficient hinterland integration, and underdeveloped smart logistics systems. In particular, Gadeok New Airport is identified as a critical enabler of air–sea connectivity for high-value and time-sensitive cargo, supporting the development of a tri-port-based multimodal transport structure. The study highlights the need for digital-based smart logistics, strengthened hinterland networks, and integrated port–air–inland operations, providing practical policy and infrastructure directions to enhance Busan Port’s resilience and global competitiveness.