Design of an FPGA-based hardware platform for real-time simulation of renewable energy systems

Electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulation of renewable energy power systems demands greater scale, accuracy, and efficiency. To address the complexity of end-to-end FPGA workflows and the lack of generalizable designs, this paper presents an FPGA-based real-time simulator and a heterogeneous multirate co-simulation framework. The approach combines synchronous communication, line-based electrical decoupling, and an efficient parallel solver framework to support large plants and high-dimensional admittance matrices. Validation against an RTDS benchmark with matched topology and parameters shows errors within required thresholds, confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the approach.