ABSTRACT NUMBER: ESOC2026A2211 ATHEROTHROMBOTIC CEREBRAL STROKE AND MULTIFOCAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS: THE ROLE OF TISSUE MICROELEMENTS

Abstract Background and aims Atherothrombotic stroke represents one of the most common subtypes of ischemic stroke and is closely associated with multifocal atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence indicates that disturbances in tissue microelement balance contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation, progression, calcification, and instability. Trace elements influence endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and lipid metabolism, thereby playing an important role in cerebrovascular pathology. Methods This study is based on an analytical review of clinical and experimental data focusing on the role of tissue microelements in the development of atherothrombotic cerebral stroke and multifocal atherosclerosis. The analysis evaluated quantitative and qualitative changes in iron, copper, zinc, selenium, and cadmium, as well as their interactions within atherosclerotic plaques and vascular tissues. Results Elevated tissue iron levels were identified as a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic stroke, promoting oxidative stress and impairing macrophage immune function. Increased copper and decreased zinc concentrations were associated with plaque progression and cardiovascular complications. Selenium demonstrated protective effects by modulating inflammation, preserving endothelial function, inhibiting oxidative processes, and preventing vascular cell apoptosis and calcification. Cadmium exposure was linked to enhanced atherogenesis through oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, altered lipid metabolism, and increased plaque vulnerability. Conclusions Imbalance of tissue microelements plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic cerebral stroke and multifocal atherosclerosis. Iron, copper, zinc, selenium, and cadmium exert distinct and interrelated effects on vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and plaque stability. Assessment of microelement status may improve understanding of stroke mechanisms and support the development of targeted preventive strategies for cerebrovascular disease. Conflict of interest Nothing to disclose