Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases and Its Correlation with Radiological Findings in a Tertiary Care Facility: An Observational Study

trigger pulmonary vascular remodeling, which in turn increases pulmonary vascular resistance and ultimately contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension in ILDs. 5 Research has focused on the roles of the endothelin system, transforming growth factor, connective tissue growth factor activation, and oxidative stress in the development of pulmonary hypertension among patients with ILDs, highlighting their significant interrelationships. 6,7Promptly identifying pulmonary hypertension in ILD is crucial for guiding diagnostic evaluations, starting treatment, and determining the need for referral for lung transplantation. 8Currently, there are no established guidelines on which patients should be screened for pulmonary hypertension IntroductIonPulmonary hypertension is characterized by a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mm Hg at rest or over 30 mm Hg during any physical activity. 1It is a complex and multifaceted condition that may develop on its own, result from genetic predisposition, or more frequently emerge as a consequence of existing lung disorders.Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are among the most significant causes, as their hallmark features, such as chronic injury to the lung parenchyma, ongoing inflammation, and progressive fibrosis, can drive changes in the pulmonary vasculature that lead to PH. 2 When PH occurs alongside ILD, it substantially increases disease burden, diminishes patients' quality of life, and is associated with higher mortality, underscoring the importance of continued research in this area. 3ulmonary hypertension is a common complication among individuals with ILD, linked to decreased functional status, early desaturation during exertion, increased hospitalization, decreased survival, and a greater requirement for supplemental oxygen. 4The occurrence of pulmonary hypertension is thought to differ across various forms of ILDs and generally increases with disease progression.Studies suggest that the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension ranges from 3 to 90%, depending on the stage of ILD at which it is identified.At the time of diagnosis, about 8 to 15% of patients may exhibit signs of pulmonary hypertension; this percentage can escalate to nearly 30% in more advanced stages and surpass 60-90% in end-stage disease.Progressive structural alterations in the lungs and persistent low oxygen levels 1-