Collapse modes of cavitation bubbles in liquid-phase laser ablation: In situ investigation

In situ analysis of the cavitation bubble's dynamics at the urgent moment is presented in this paper. For a deeper comprehension of the cavitation bubble's function and contribution in pressurized liquid-phase laser ablation, it examines the collapse patterns, duration, and reproducibility of the bubble. The superimposed imaging is obtained via operating shadowgraph and scattering imaging simultaneously. The first mode of collapse is the complete separation of the cavitation bubble from the solid surface, leaving a weak scattering signal from nanoparticles in front of the solid surface. However, the second mode is the normal collapse, denoted by the shockwave and eruption of nanoparticles. The reproducibility depends on many factors, such as room temperature and the roughness of the solid target. In addition, suppressing the dynamics of the cavitation bubbles, including the collapse duration, and enhancing the interior pressure and temperature with pressurization, suggests their efficacy on the dimensions of the induced pits.