The Impact of Socioeconomic and Institutional Indicators on Sustainable Development Goal 16: Multivariate Analysis

The article presents an analysis of the factors influencing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) "Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions" across 139 countries worldwide. Using methods of statistical and discrete analysis, the study identifies key determinants of progress in ensuring SDG 16. The findings show that the Human Development Index, institutional effectiveness, and democratic processes have a positive impact on goal attainment, while an increase in state fragility negatively affects progress. Cluster analysis, complemented by discrete modeling, enabled the identification of five groups of countries with varying levels of SDG 16 achievement and the determination of representative countries for each cluster. The analysis of feature information weights helped to identify the critical factors contributing to success or failure in implementing SDG 16 for each group of countries, which can be useful for developing targeted strategies. The results obtained have significant practical relevance for shaping effective regional policies in the field of sustainable development.