Mechanism-Driven Forward Design Methodology and Experimental Validation of Dry Friction Dampers for Turbine Blade Vibration Control

To elucidate the damping mechanism of platform dry friction dampers for turbine blades and optimize their design parameters, this study establishes a two-dimensional global–local unified sliding dry friction damping model. This model comprehensively accounts for the blade’s bending-torsion coupling vibration characteristics and the dual-state behavior of the damper, encompassing both stick and slip phases. An iterative solution strategy combining finite element methods with in-house developed programs is employed to simulate the vibration response of turbine blades equipped with dampers under multiple loading conditions. The influence of normal pressure and dimensionless normal pressure on the blade’s vibration characteristics, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent damping is systematically analyzed. To validate the reliability of the simulation results, a dedicated test platform capable of independently simulating centrifugal force effects was constructed, and modal tests as well as vibration response tests were conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately describes the nonlinear energy dissipation behavior of dry friction damping, providing a reliable theoretical basis for blade vibration response analysis. Dimensionless normal pressure is identified as a key parameter influencing vibration reduction effectiveness. The resonant amplitude of the blade exhibits a non-monotonic trend, initially decreasing and then increasing with rising dimensionless normal pressure. The optimal dimensionless normal pressure range is found to be 20–30, within which the blade vibration amplitude can be reduced by more than 50%. Experimental verification confirms that the vibration reduction and energy dissipation mechanism of the damping block aligns closely with simulation results, achieving a maximum vibration reduction of 72.6%. Moreover, the optimal dimensionless normal pressure values correspond well with simulation predictions. Based on the optimal dimensionless normal pressure, a forward design method for platform dampers is proposed, which can provide theoretical support and engineering guidance for the optimal design of vibration reduction structures in aero-engine turbine blades.