Utilization of an Urban Syringe Service Program: Implications for Rural Pennsylvania

Background: Syringe service programs (SSPs) provide health-promoting and preventative care for people who use drugs (PWUDs) and can reduce the risk of overdose and infectious diseases. SSPs are predominantly located in urban areas. Purpose: This study aims to (1) assess the number of syringes distributed and the services utilized at an SSP in Pennsylvania, and (2) assess the number of participants traveling to the SSP from other counties, and the rurality of each county. Methods: A convenience sample of individuals utilizing SSP services over 2 years was used. Data collected at the visits were analyzed to assess the volume of syringe distribution, the percentage of participants utilizing secondary services, the distance participants traveled, and the rurality of where participants traveled from. Results: A total of 8,632 individuals accessed SSP services and were included in the analysis. A total of 518 participants who were accessing the SSP traveled from neighboring or distant counties to access services. The average number of miles traveled per participant residing outside the county was 73. Conclusions: In Pennsylvania, PWUDs residing in rural communities travel, on average, more than 70 miles to access harm reduction services provided at SSPs. Through advocacy for policy change, nurses can aid in SSP expansion across Pennsylvania and other rural settings to allow for more accessible and equitable healthcare resources for rural PWUDs. Implications: Nurses should advocate for improved access to harm reduction services, including SSPs, for PWUD, both in rural Pennsylvania and other rural regions in the United States.