INSIGHT OF EMBRYOLOGY IN CHARAKA SAMHITA SHAREERA STHANA: AN INTERPRETATIVE ANALYSIS

Charaka Samhita (Shareera Sthana) provides a detailed account of human origin, development, and eventual death. The concept of Garbhavakranti (embryology) specifically deals with the formation of the embryo, its sequential development, and the process of childbirth. Knowledge of embryology is essential for ensuring healthy progeny and effective antenatal care. In Charaka Samhita, embryological concepts are described in a comprehensive and largely understandable manner; however, certain aspects require interpretation for clearer scientific understanding. The aim of this review is to elaborate these concepts and make them more accessible and relevant in the context of modern science. In the present study, key embryological topics—such as Garbhotpattikar Bhava (The factors required for progeny), the composition of Shukra (semen), Garbha Masanumasika Vriddhi Krama (month-wise foetal development), ‘Genetic material’ concept in the form of Beejabhaga and Beejabhaga Avayava, as well as Garbha Vikriti (Birth defects and their causes)—have been selected from Shareera Sthana of Charaka Samhita. These concepts were further analysed and correlated with modern scientific literature. After interpretation and comparative analysis, it was observed that the description of embryology in Charaka Samhita is logical, systematic, and possesses significant scientific relevance.